Usage of ICT in Daily Life

EDUCATION

Today, most schools and higher educational institutions have computers in the classroom for teacher and students. In education, teachers, students, researchers and school administrators benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Teachers use computers to research for teaching materials, participate in online forums and online conferences as well as to aid their teaching.

2. Students use the computers as a reference tool. They use computers to browse the Internet to look for information.

3. School administrators use computers for administrative purposes to make sure that the entire operation runs smoothly.

BANKING

The computer is the nerve centre of the banking system around the world. It functions to control the entire banking system that also includes 'Electronic Banking Services'. Electronic banking provides 24 hour services. The services include :

• Automated Teller Machine (ATM)

• Cheque Deposit

• Electronic Fund Tranfer

• Direct Deposit

• Pay by phone system

• Personal computer banking/ internet banking

In the banking sector, customers, businessman and bank administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Customers can make any transactions at the 24 hour service centres or via online.These services allow them to do transaction at anytime they want.

2. Businessmen can save their time by using the online services offered by banks. They can access company accounts for loan applications, business transactions and update on their cash flow at any time.

3. Bank administrators can oversee the entire banking activities such as reconciliations, inter-branch transactions (IBT), telegraphic

transfer and others by referring to the banking system.

INDUSTRY

Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems, to support chain management and to help in product design in the industrial sector In the industrial sector ,workers, researchers and administrator benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Workers use machines that are connected to computers to operate. In some productions, robots are used to take over jobs that are dangerous to the workers.

2. Researchers use computers to analyze and collect research data for future reference.

3. Administrators use computers to oversee the entire operations in the plant or factory to detect specific errors or defects that occurred in the process.

E-COMMERCE

E-commerce helps in boosting the economy. It makes buying and selling activities easier, more efficient and faster.

In the e-commerce sector ,customers r, suppliers and employees benefits from the usage of ICT.

1. Customers use computers to be connected online with suppliers to purchase products. This method can save time and cost as they do not have to go to any outlets.

2. Suppliers use computers to keep track of their transactions. All products are bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner to help in determining prices and managing inventory.

4. Employees use computers and telephones to communicate with their customers for any enquiries. The system helps employees to get the latest updates on inventory to be informed to the customers.

OTHER SECTOR

1. Architectute
2. Arts
3. Career
4. Healthcare
5. Home

Generation of ComputerFirst Generation Computers (1940-1956)

First Generation Computers (1940-1956)

During the first generation,computers were with vacuum tubes.Vacuum tube is an electronic tube is made of glass used as computer component to store and process data.The problems of vacuum tube are generates lots of heat that can damage computer and tubes can burnt out frequently.ENIAC is first generation computer that contains weights of 30 tons,18000 vacuum tubes,30-50 foot space and 16000 watts of power.Advantages of computers in this era :The using of vacuum tubes that can store and process data

Second Generation of Computer (1956-1963) 

The invention of Transistors marked the start of the second generation. These transistors took place of the vacuum tubes used in the first generation computers. Second generation computers also started showing the characteristics of modern day computers with utilities such as printers,disk storage and operating systems. 

In Second Generation computers, the instructions(program) could be stored inside the computer's memory. High-level languages such as COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) and FORTRAN (Formula Translator) were used, and they are still used for some applications nowdays.

Third Generation of Computer (1964-1971)

 

In third generation, the operating systems allowerd the machine to run many different application. These applications were monitored and cooordinated by the computer's memory. In third generation also, the Integrated Circuit(IC) was invented in 1958 by Jack Kilby is combined with electronic components onto a small silicon disc, made from quartz. more advancement made possible the fitings of even more components on a small chip or semi conductor.

Fourth Generation of Computer (1971-present) 

Fourth Generation of computers are the modern day computers. The siz started to go down with the improvement in the integrated circuits. Very Large Scale(VLSI) and Ultra Large Scale(ULSI) ensured that millions of components could be fit into a small chip. It reduced the size and price of the computers at the same time increasing power, efficiency and reliability. "the intel 4004 chi[, developed in 1971, took integrated circuit one step further by locating all the components of a computer (central processing unit, memory,and input and output controls) on a minuscule chip."

The continued improvement allowed the networking of computers for the sharing of data. Local Area Networks(LAN) and Wide Area Network(WAN), were potential benefits, in that they could be implemented in corporations and everybody could share data over it. Soon the internet aand World Wide Web appeared on the computer scene and formented the Hi-Tech revolution of 90's. 

Fifth Generation of Computer (present and  beyond)

Fifth generations computers are only in the minds of advance research scientiets and being tested out in the laboratories. These computers will be under Artifical Intelligence(AI), They will be able to take commands in a audio visual way and carry out instructions. Many of the operations which requires low human intelligence will be perfomed by these computers.

Parallel Processing is coming and showing the possibiliy that the power of many CPU's can be used side by side, and computers will be more powerful than thoes under central processing. Advances in Super Conductor technology will greatly improve the speed of information traffic. Future looks bright for the computers. 

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS

The history of computer development is often referred to in reference to the different generationsof computing devices.Each generation of computer is characterized by a major technological development that

fundamentally changed the way computers operate,resulting in increasingly

smaller,cheaper,more powerful and more efficient and reliable devices.

DEFINITION OF ICT

ICTS stand for information and communication technology and society.

Ict is the technology required for information processing,in particular,the use of computers,

communication devices and software application to convert,store,protect,process,transmit and retrieve

information from anywhere at anytime.